Welcome to Tropical band

To most people the phrase "tropical bands" bring a pretty clear picture to mind - a bunch of shirtless guys playing calypso music. But to experienced shortwave DXers those two little words express the most challenging and enjoyable part of the radio hobby. The phrase kindles memories of a DXer's best catches and favorite QSLs, of exotic stations, music and of early morning listening sessions. (Don Moore)
I like the "Tropical band" name for new 60m allocation. (OK1RP)

Effective from 1st Jan 2017 please paper QSL via OM-bureau only.


Showing posts with label 60m band countries. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 60m band countries. Show all posts

Friday, July 24, 2020

NZ 60m Trial Period Extended by Paul, G4MWO

NZ 60m Trial Period Extended

NZART – the New Zealand National Amateur Radio Society, has published an update on its 60m band page indicating that the current NZ 60m Trial period, which was due to have been concluded on 24th July has been extended for a further three months until 24th October 2020.

NZART 60m Band Page :

https://www.nzart.org.nz/info/60m/

73

Paul Gaskell G4MWO

Editor
The 5 MHz Newsletter
you can find the latest edition freely available at any time at
https://www.dropbox.com/s/koz6msf74mtk76t/5%20MHz%20Newsletter.pdf?dl=0
and the Newsletter Archive is at
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/9si2gq8dnz73uy9/AACCZty4t4wQaF1mot3cA3d9a?dl=0


Wednesday, March 4, 2020

F - France on 60m band


Hi all,

From 13 February 2020, Amateurs in all French territories now have access to the new WRC-15 60 m Secondary Allocation.


It represents as always the range of 5351.5 – 5366.5 kHz at a maximum power of 15 W EIRP following the publication in the French Official Journal of the order establishing it.


Legifrance.gouv.fr

The French national amateur radio society, REF, advocates the use of the IARU 60 m bandplan.


Nature and beauties in France

The earth is filled with natural wonders that came about long before any of us got here. Nearly every corner of the planet harbors some natural beauty, or did before man came along. France is famed for its man made wonders but has a wealth of natural beauty. Here you will find idyllic alpine scenery, labyrinthine caves, and much more.



Mont Blanc


Situated at the border between Italy and France, the majestic Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in Western Europe and the tallest in the Alps with a height of 4,810 meters. Technically, the height of the mountain varies by year depending on the depth of snow at its summit. It is a popular site for climbers, and the first successful summit attempt was recorded in 1786. On a more morbid note, Mont Blanc has also been host to a number of accidents including plane crashes, skiing incidents, and tunnel fires. These occurrences make it one of the deadliest mountains on the planet.


Aiguille du Dru

Aiguilles du Dru is located within the Mont Blanc mountain range. Though its largest peak is only 3,755 meters high, far less than that of Mont Blanc itself, Aiguilles du Dru is still quite striking in its own rite. Aiguilles du Dru is made of granite rock. It is known for its grey rock fall scar and its jagged peak, and is aptly named because ‘aiguille’ means ‘needle’. There is a lower summit of 3,733 meters that is also considered part of the Aiguilles du Dru, and it is named The Petit Dru. People have been climbing this peak at least since 1878. In 1913 climbers placed a metal statue of Our Lady of Lourdes at the summit, and it still stands today.



Côte de Granit Rose

Côte de Granit Rose is the pink granite cost of northern Brittany. Its pink rocks can only be found in two other places on earth: China and Corsica. The enormous granite boulders emerge from the sea throughout the entire area. One of the most special places to view them is on the northern coast of Tréguier where the pink rocks are eroded into unique shapes. Further, it is not uncommon to find quaint coastal cottages dispersed between the boulders, something that undeniably adds to this beautiful and memorable scenery. In particular, we recommend taking the time to see the tiny house wedged between two boulders near Le Gouffre.


Étretat Cliffs

Located in a farming town in Normandy, the Étretat Cliffs are situated on a resort beach that has attracted many notable painters, writers, and artists to its shores throughout the years including Monet, Boudin, Maupassant, Lupin, and Courbet. Some of the most iconic features of the cliffs include their three natural arches and the jagged ‘needle’ that emerges separately out of the Atlantic Ocean. The cliffs are made of white chalk, and they covered in a blanket of green grass and mosses. This is a wonderful place to take a day trip if you’re visiting Normandy. In the summer time you can also swim and sunbathe on the white pebble beaches adjacent to the cliffs.

                          Candidate for Miss France 2016

The modern French population is largely native-born and represents a fusion of many peoples of Celtic, Germanic, Latin, and Slavic origins. Contrary to what has happened in many other countries, the immigrants have blended so well into existing French society that today it is difficult to determine the ethnic origins of most French citizens. More ethnically prominent are the 20th-century immigrants, including an estimated 4 million foreigners--mainly Portuguese, Spanish, and Italians--and many French citizens, a large number of them Arabs, who entered France in the 1960s from former French colonies in Algeria and sub-Saharan Africa. In 1990 an estimated 2.5 million North Africans lived in France.

               Candidate for Miss France from St.Pierre & Miquellon

The French language is understood and spoken by virtually the entire population, although other languages and dialects persist alongside French in peripheral areas; they include BASQUE, Alsatian, Corsican, Breton, Provencal, Catalan, and Flemish. About 80% of the population nominally belongs to the Roman Catholic church, although only a minority of these participate regularly in church activities. Protestants constitute less than 2% of the population; Jews, about 1%; Muslims, who have entered France recently from former North African colonies, about 4%.


73 - Petr, OK1RP
.../-.-

Monday, February 3, 2020

Upcoming DXpeditions by Joe, W8GEX - February 2, 2020

Upcoming DXpeditions


Gambia: C5YK Mid Dec to March 16

St. Vincent: J8/WJ2O February 9 to 20

6W – Senegal: 6W7/ON4AVT February 17 to end of March

NEW COUNTRY South Orkney Islands


VP8/VP8DXU - Feb. 20, to Mar. 5

Swains W8S: March 10 – 25, 2020

Western Kiribati:
T30ET- March 11, to April 2, 2020

Ivory Coast: TU2R March 23 to April 3



73 - Petr, OK1RP

Friday, January 24, 2020

New Zealand 60m trial permission extended

Hi all,

The New Zealand 60m trial which was due to conclude on 24th January 2020 has been extended for 6 more months by the NZ regulator, RSM and NZ Defence Force to give time to work out a more permanent solution.

Attached is the NZART permission statement.



73 - Petr, OK1RP
.../-.- 

Monday, January 13, 2020

FIVEMEGS FOR FALKLANDS by Paul, G4MWO

FIVEMEGS FOR FALKLANDS

Major changes to the Falklands Islands Communications Laws have been announced by the Falklands Islands Communications Regulator. They were published in the official Falklands Islands Gazette on 11 November 2019 and came into force on 15 November 2019

https://www.regulatorfi.org.fk/legislation

One of these has resulted in the new WRC-15 60m Secondary Allocation becoming available to Falklands Radio Amateurs. The allocation 5351.5 – 5366.5 kHz, with a maximum power of 25W EIRP has been granted for Amateur Radio operations in the islands (see p.6).

https://www.regulatorfi.org.fk/spectrum/amateur-radio/70-terms-and-conditions-amateur-radio-licence-v2-0-121119-pdf/file

Falklands Islands Communications Regulator website

https://www.regulatorfi.org.fk/


73

Paul Gaskell, G4MWO

Editor

The 5 MHz Newsletter



Upcoming DXpeditions by Joe, W8GEX - January 9, 2020


Upcoming DXpeditions



Rotuma: 3D2R Mid Dec. to early Jan.

Gambia: C5YK Mid Dec to March 16.

St. Vincent: J8/WJ2O February 9 to 20.

Senegal: 6W7/ON4AVT February 17 to end of March.

South Orkney Islands: VP8/VP8DXU Feb. 20 - Mar. 5.

Swains W8S: March 10 – 25, 2020

Western Kiribati: T30ET- March 11, to April 2, 2020.

Ivory Coast: TU2R March 23 to April 3


73 - Petr, OK1RP

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Upcoming DXpeditions by Joe, W8GEX

Upcoming DXpeditions

Rotuma: 3D2R Mid Dec. to early Jan


Gambia: C5YK Mid Dec to March 16


NEW COUNTRY South Orkney Islands: VP8/VP8DXU - Feb. 20, to Mar5

 
Swains W8S: March 10 – 25, 2020

Western Kiribati: T30ET- March 11, to April 2, 2020


Ivory Coast: TU2R March 23 to April 3



73 - Petr, OK1RP
.../-.-

Monday, November 11, 2019

60m newsletter 11-10-19 by Joe, W8GEX

Upcoming DXpeditions

Panama: 3E1FP during month of Nov.
Rwanda: 9X2AW Nov. 4-16
Bolivia: CP1XRM Nov.10-30
NEW COUNTRY Madagascar: 5R8VX Nov.12-25
Temotu: H40KT & H40TT Nov.14-26
Niger: 5U9AMO Nov.15-25
Rotuma: 3D2R Nov.27 to early Dec.

NEW COUNTRY South Orkney Islands:  VP8/VP8DXU - Feb.20 - Mar.5.
Swains W8S: March 10 – 25, 2020

Western Kiribati: T30ET- March 11, to April 2, 2020.

 
Copyright © 2019. |60 meters newsletter, All rights reserved.

Our mailing address is:
W8GEX@aol.com
2419 Pierson Rd., Oxford, OH 45056 US

Monday, October 21, 2019

60m newsletter 10-19-19 by Joe, W8GEX

Upcoming DXpeditions

Western Kiribati: T30GC activity - October 7, to October 23, 2019
Pitcairn VP6R NEW COUNTRY: October 18 to Nov. 1
5T – Mauritania: October 19 to October 26
Lakshadweep Islands: VU7RI from October 19, to November 3.
South Orkney Islands:  VP8/VP8DXU - NEW COUNTRY   Feb. 20, to Mar. 5, 2020
Swains W8S: March 10 – 25,2020
Western Kiribati: T30ET- March 11, to April 2, 2020.

 
Copyright © 2019. |60 meters newsletter, All rights reserved.

Our mailing address is:
W8GEX@aol.com
2419 Pierson Rd., Oxford, OH 45056 US

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Pitcairn 60m permission story by Joe, W8GEX

The story about obtaining permission for 60m on Pitcairn:

Ralph K0IR, team leader for the Pitcairn VP6R DXpedition, had been turned down by the licensing folks in New Zealand for permission to operate 60m.  He had his hands full testing equipment and getting the container ready for shipment to New Zealand and, knowing I had helped many teams get on this band in the past, asked if I would help in winning permission.

I knew I would need help on this project, so I asked Paul G4MWO and Mike ZL4OL for assistance.  Between the three of us, plus Ralph, we sent many, many emails.  First we wrote Shirley Dillon of the Pitcairn administrative office in New Zealand.  She referred the request to Bill Haigh, Telecommunications Network Manager for the Government of the Pitcairn Islands, and he again denied the request.  Not ready to give up, Paul wrote to Laura Clarke, the Pitcairn Governor who lives off island as she is also the UK High Commissioner for New Zealand.  With his letter he sent supporting documents from the ITU WRC-15 conference, showing 60m had been allocated worldwide. Unsure if the email had been delivered, Mike volunteered to call her, but with no luck.  In the meantime, in response to a fax, Paul received a note from the Governor’s secretary saying that the Governor was on leave, but she would pass on the letter upon her return.  When Paul finally did get a response from the fax, the situation at that point still remained unchanged.

By now Meralda Warren VP6MW, who lives on the island, had joined our team.  She had been very active from 1984 until recently when she had some equipment failure.  Meralda asked Bill for permission and also got a “no” answer. Then she asked the Pitcairn Island Council if they would ask Bill Haigh to reconsider, which led to several meetings on this issue.  One reason Bill was turning us down is that he was reading old 60m documents and was concerned about interference, so we needed to bring him up-to-date.  Paul G4MWO is great on this type of research, so he provided outstanding information for his review.

In the meantime, Mike ZL4OL had asked John Moriarty ZL2JPM of NZART and the IARU Liaison officer in New Zealand, for help.  John knew that the ITU WRC-15 60m frequencies were 300 kc away from the New Zealand Search & Rescue frequency, and interference shouldn’t be a problem, so he contacted Bill and explained the frequency range and the 2017 ITU 60m frequency allocation. Shortly after this, our permission was finally granted.

Confusing to say the least, but as you can tell, this team of K0IR, ZL4OL, G4MWO, VP6MW, ZL2JPM and W8GEX has worked tirelessly for the past several months in obtaining this permission.  At times we were about to give up, but we persevered.  Paul and I have worked on other licensing projects and Mike, being a local down under, was so helpful because he knew the right people to contact.  It was my privilege to work with such an outstanding crew and for the team of VP6R.

Our most sincere gratitude goes to Bill Haigh ZL1BUQ, the Telecommunications Network Manager for the Government of the Pitcairn Islands for his reconsideration of this permit.
The team said they are looking forward to operating 60 meters and we are all looking forward to the ATNO.


Joe,  W8GEX 

T6 – Afghanistan by Robert, S53R

T6 – Afghanistan - From Kabul T6AA

Robert has plans to start up early in this month and continue until summer, 2021.  Robert thinks he will mostly do CW "with some SSB and digital modes," 160-6M.  LoTW will be the initial primary QSL route.  OQRS QSLing for paper cards direct only is being worked up.  For updates:  
https://www.qrz.com/db/t6aa.  Robert adds that he will be on 60 meters CW and expects to be transmitting "somewhere around 5352.5 up to 5355" KHz.

Friday, June 28, 2019

60m newsletter 6-22-2019 by Joe, W8GEX

June 22, 2019
Joe Pater W8GEX


Laos: By Bruce XW4XR

Just an FYI - I'll be back in Laos (XW4XR ) June 26 thru July 7th and plan to be on 60m in my local wee hours as in past trips.   It's not going to be pretty though as late night thunderstorms are common this time of year. I'll probably stick to FT-8 as it has the best chance.

73 and Good DX! Bruce  3W3B - XW4XR
 
T2 – Tuvalu:

3D2AG, Tony next trip to T2AR will be from June 27 to July 6
______________________________________________________________

Editor:   I need help with the DXpeditions below in BLUE.  ZK3A and T33 are one team. The South Orkney leaders are Dave K3EL and Les W2LK team, and YT1AD is the leader for the Tokelau team. May I suggest sending these teams a note asking for a 60 meter operation.
 

3Y - Bouvet Island: Leader Dom 3Z9DX

The following is from the 3Y0I Bouvet DXpedition website: "The southern hemisphere's summer is coming soon, so do Rebel plans start to accelerate. Announcing the 3Y0I Band Plan - frequencies and modes we'll use while operating from Bouvet Island. The frequencies listed below are 3Y0I expected transmit frequencies. Listen to the Op for his preferred receive frequencies (split)".
See https://www.rebeldxgroup.com/3y0i-bouvet-band-plan/ 
 
T33 – Banaba
The Rebel DX Group moves on from their 3D2CR Conway Reef operation to the next stop, callsign T33T, within a few weeks from now.  Op Dom, 3Z9DX says they plans "a couple more" entities in the Pacific, as they continue sailing in the region until mid-October.  There was also mention of a focus on Bouvet (3Y0I) in November.
 

Tokelau ZK3A by Hrane YT1AD
 

If you know Hrane or a team member of this upcoming DXpedition, please contact them about getting on 60m. YT1AD has no email on QRZ.COM
 
 
South Orkney:  

I have asked Gene K5GS a team member about their team operating 60m. This team is very reluctant to do so even after I pointed out to them that over 200 countries have been on the band and the band is very active. They do have a team member, Rob N7QT, who operates 60m.

9K - Kuwait Arrives on 60m

Kuwait Arrives on 60m

The Kuwaiti telecom regulator, CITRA, has released the new WRC-15 Amateur Secondary Allocation of 5351.5 – 5366.5 kHz to Kuwaiti 9K2 licensees

https://citra.gov.kw/sites/En/Documents/National%20Frequency%20Plan.pdf
under ITU Footnote 5.133B, which in the case of Kuwait means a maximum power of 15W EIRP.

The first Kuwaiti ham on the new band was Muhammad, 9K2NO who is looking forward to working more stations.
---------------------------------------------------------------
Cheers
Paul Gaskell G4MWO,
Editor,
The 5 MHz Newsletter

https://www.dropbox.com/s/koz6msf74mtk76t/5%20MHz%20Newsletter.pdf?dl=0
and its archive
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/9si2gq8dnz73uy9/AACCZty4t4wQaF1mot3cA3d9a?dl=0
 

Monday, May 13, 2019

60m newsletter 5-10-19 by Joe, W8GEX

May 10, 2019
Joe Pater W8GEX

 
 
NEW COUNTRIES
 
Futuna island FW/G0VJG

Update from Nobby, G0VJG, to remind us that his plans are going well
for his trip to 3D2 and FW for May 8,  and be QRV there for 14 days.  Please be aware dates may change according to local conditions.

QSL Manager M0OXO
 

TK – Corsica:

TK/DB4BJ, Martin, is QRV from the northern part of Corsica until May 17.  He's running 50 watts from an FT-897 and a 5 meter high vertical.  Listen for him on 6 mostly on FT8.

QSL via the DB4BJ 
VU7 - Lakshadweep Islands:

M0KRI, Shabu, has announced his plans for a DXpedition to the
Lakshadweep Islands.  He will be using the callsign VU7RI from October
19, to November 3.  This will be a three man team.  More details are expected.
HH - Haiti

HH6/N3BNA and HH6/K3MSB, Dale and Mark, will be in Haiti on a short
work trip, May 4-11.  Not sure about how much they can be on the air;
they do hope to do some 160 and 60M.  QSL HH6/N3BNA for KA2AEV and
HH6/K3MSB to his own home QTH
Western Kiribati:

This year will be T30GC activity only! I will be there together with Mitko, LZ3NY.
T30GC activity will be between 7 October 2019 and 23 October 2019.
The tickets are purchased, the accommodation is reserved and the license is obtained!

Yes, we will be QRV on 60 m during T30GC activity!  I will try to operate more time on 60 m - CW and SSB.

So, for now.
73! Stan, LZ1GC

Monday, April 15, 2019

9G2DX - Ghana story Zvika, 4Z1ZV

Hi all,

does not matter if you worked them or not on 60m band, nice story about the 9G2DX, Ghana DX-pedition can be read over here by Zvika, 4Z1ZV...

https://www.iarc.org/iarc/Content/docs/9G2DX.pdf


73 - Petr, OK1RP
.../-.-

Wednesday, March 13, 2019

SV - Greece on 60m band

Greece latest newcomer to 60m

A ministerial decision dated 26th February 2019 published in the government gazette of 5th March 2019 introduced a new Frequency Allocation Table, which authorizes amateur radio use of 5351.5 - 5366.5 kHz, on a secondary basis at 15W EIRP under the ITU 60m amateur allocation decision of WRC-15.


http://www.raag.org/LH2UpLoads/ItemsContent/1219/1219.pdf

(Government Gazette and National Frequency Allocation table in Greek)

Tnx: RAAG, SVIXV, G4MWO

 
 
73 - Petr, OK1RP

Friday, March 1, 2019

9G - Ghana by Dov, 4Z4DX on 60m band CW?

9G2DX Ghana
 
The 9G2DX team led by Dov Gavish 4Z4DX and Haim Lewy 9G5AF will be working 3 different locations in Ghana.
 
Location 1
The beach near the capitol city of Accra will have operations on 160, 80, 60, 30. This operation will begin on March 9, 2019 and run for about 3 days. CW,SSB and FT8. The seaside beach QTH is ideal for low band operations.
 
Locations 2 & 3 (Outstanding Flora & Fauna Sites )
 
Location 2 9GFF-0007 Flora and Fauna Shai Hills Resource Reserve all bands and modes
 
Location 3 9GFF-0004 Flora and Fauna KAKUM all bands and modes
 
For the final days of the DXpedition, the team will return to the beach QTH near Accra for more activity on 160, 80, 60, and 30m.
 
QSL via M0OXO OQRS

 

 

73 - Petr, OK1RP

.../-.-

 

Monday, January 21, 2019

YB - 5 MHz for Indonesia by Paul, G4MWO

Hi Guys,

The Indonesian national society ORARI reports new amateur radio regulations have been issued with new bands including 5 MHz. This is the WRC-15 Secondary allocation 5351.5 – 5366.5 kHz with 15W EIRP for top class licensees. All modes are permitted; the IARU 60m Band plan being recommended.

The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology of the Republic of Indonesia issued the new Amateur Radio Regulations dated December 31, 2018.

New amateur radio regulations (in Indonesian)
https://orari.or.id/files/edocument/
PM_Kominfo_No_17_Tahun_2018
_JDIH_111017701.pdf


New bands at 136 kHz and 472 kHz have also been made available.

Cheers

Paul Gaskell G4MWO,

Editor,

The 5 MHz Newsletter
https://www.dropbox.com/s/koz6msf74mtk76t/5%20MHz%20Newsletter.pdf?dl=0

and its archive
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/9si2gq8dnz73uy9/AACCZty4t4wQaF1mot3cA3d9a?dl=0
 

Wednesday, November 14, 2018

LY - Lithuania on 60m band by Tadas, LY2BAW

Hi all,

the 2018 update to the Lithuania National Frequency Plan is listing a new band at 5 MHz/60m, namely the WRC-15 Amateur Secondary Allocation of 5351.5 – 5366.5 kHz with 15W EIRP.

As Tadas, LY2BAW already confirmed to Paul, G4MWO Lithuania already started activity according Lithuania National Frequency Plan.


(Many thanks to Paul, G4MWO and tadas, LY2BAW)

Destination Lithuania, an Eastern European country with a coastline at the Baltic Sea in west. It is the largest and most populous of the three Baltic states. The country is bordered by Belarus, Latvia, Poland, and Russia (Kaliningrad) and it shares a maritime border with Sweden.


Lithuania covers an area of 65.300 km², making it slightly smaller than half the size of Greece, or slightly larger than West Virginia. Its smooth, flat landscape offers sandy beaches, numerous lakes, wetlands, and mixed forest areas.


The country has a
population of 2,8 million people (in 2015), capital and largest city is Vilnius. Spoken language is Lithuanian, a Baltic language, closely related to Latvian. Main religion is Roman Catholic (more than three-quarter).


73 - Petr, OK1RP
.../-.-

Sunday, November 11, 2018

8P9AE - Barbados on 60m by Sigi, DL7DF and crew!

Hello,

next DXpedition of Sigi, DL7DF and his crew will take place from Barbados between November 06 and November 20, 2018. They will be active with three stations from 160m through 10m on CW, SSB and Digi modes.

Sigi, DL7DF and crew got yesterday (10Nov18) permision for 60m from Barbados as 8P9AE. They are on the air from tonite (11Nov18). First QRG was 5353 and QSX up. They had really amazing sigs on 60m band and it was relatively easy to work them even with low power in the WRC-15 band allocation. http://www.dl7df.com/8p9/

The equipment consists of a transceiver Elecraft K2, two transceivers Icom IC7300, two OX1000 power amplifiers, one power amplifier, a vertical for 160 and 80m, a 40m loop, a 30m loop, a Spiderbeam for 20m through 10m, VDA antennas as well as a few laptop computers.

IOTA

Barbados (8P9) has the IOTA reference number NA-021

Team

Experienced crew includes:
  • DK1BT, Manfred & YL Gerlinde
  • DL4WK, Wolf
  • DL6SAK, Annette
  • DL7DF, Sigi
  • DL7KL, Reiner
  • DL7UFR, Frank
  • SP3CYY, Jan
Pilot for this DXpedition is Bernd, DF3CB. Please follow the DX Code of Conduct!

QSL Information

The QSL route is via DL7DF either direct to:
Sigi Presch, DL7DF
Wilhelmsmuehlenweg 123
12621 Berlin
Germany
or via the German QSL bureau DARC to DL7DF.

If you prefer a direct QSL please send a SASE or SAE with 1 new IRC or 2 US$ for a international letter. When sending IRC's please check the expiration date, the new ones are valid until the end of 2021. Any donations are very welcome and needed for the high shipping costs.

If you do not provide the right return postage or a self addressed envelope, we reply via the buro. Please only one call sign per envelope! If more than one, all additional cards go via the buro.
Postage needed for 1 envelope with 20 Gramm (FYI): A letter within DL = 70 Euro Cent, a international letter costs 90 Euro Cent. 1 US$ is equal to 83 Euro Cent. So please keep in mind that 1 US$ - due to the bad exchange rate between the US$ and the Euro - does not cover the postage needed for an international air mail letter!
We will upload the full logs of the DXpedition to LoTW within 6 months after the DXpedition.

The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627.

African slaves worked the sugar plantations established on the island until 1834 when slavery was abolished. The economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production through most of the 20th century.


The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to complete independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance.   


73 - Petr, OK1RP
.../-.-